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In Behind the Wall, NBC News correspondents and producers examine events and trends in China, both big and small.

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  • 6
    Dec
    2011
    6:25am, EST

    China begins to admit 'fog' is really smog

    Chinese are growing more outspoken about the "fog," now accurately calling it "smog," covering cities like Beijing.

    By Adrienne Mong

    BEIJING—While China’s chief climate negotiator is getting rock star treatment at the Durban climate summit this week, his peers back in the capital are suffering a third straight day of foul air.

    As a leading Canadian newspaper put it, China provided “the few glimmers of hope at the stalled negotiations” in Durban, where "photographers and television journalists swarmed around the chief Chinese negotiator, Xie Zhenhua, as he entered a news conference on Monday to announce his list of conditions for considering a legally binding treaty on carbon emissions after 2020."


    It seems that despite being the world's biggest carbon emitter, China could be the key to a deal on a legally binding agreement to reduce emissions.

    However, not many glimmers of hope could be spotted back home.

    From the China Daily website

    A grid image posted on the China Daily newspaper showing the dramatic changes in air quality in Beijing in the past four days.

    A persistent 'fog'
    The Chinese state-run print media all ran headline stories Tuesday morning on the persistent "fog" that has blanketed Beijing and parts of the country’s northeast since the weekend. (See video above of the "hazardous" level of smog on Monday).

    Much of the coverage focused on the hundreds of flights cancelled at the Beijing Capital International airport—the world’s second busiest hub—or the rising and very vocal concerns about air pollution.  Some local reports referred to sales of air filter masks and air filter machines spiking in the past week.

    Still more reports tried to cast the air pollution issue as one of sovereignty.  "The heavy fog or smog that has shrouded Beijing in the past couple of days has triggered a renewed round of debate over the different air pollution standards applied by China and the United States," said an opinion piece in the Global Times, a state-run newspaper with a strong nationalist overtone.

    But at least these same newspapers are now calling it "smog" rather than "fog," as they were just a day ago.  The China Daily, another state-run newspaper, ran a headline on page 3 crying, "Exposure to smog is severe hazard."  Later in the day, the paper’s web site posted four stark images of the same location showing changes in air visibility. (See photo above). The images are pretty staggering.

    Only 13 days of 'good' air this year so far

    And as we write this, the ever-trusty and ever-reliable @BeijingAir Twitter feed has been down five hours, prompting followers to wonder whether the pollution has finally gotten to the air quality index monitor that lives on top of the U.S. Embassy in Beijing.

    Post by @TomVandeWeghe

    An image of an iPhone app circulating on Twitter this afternoon, showing the @BeijingAir monitor out of commission.

    A sobering analysis of the @BeijingAir feed can be found in this post by China Dialogue, which notes that the improvements in air quality claimed by officials at the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau "are due to irregularities in the monitoring and reporting of air quality – and not to less polluted air."

    Moreover, based on the analysis using the @BeijingAir data, this year there have only been 13 days of "good" air quality. 

    Buried further amidst the quantitative data was one more alarming point: "…if Beijing’s fine particulate concentration even reached the polluted levels of Los Angeles, life expectancy may increase by over five years."

    We at NBC News Beijing are trying to claw back a few months to our life span.  We have just taken delivery of two air filter machines for the bureau.

    191 comments

    I went to China in 2005, and I can tell you that yes, it is bad. You should see the color of the river in Shanghai. This makes you think to yourself, why are GOP/TP candidates calling for relaxing (i.e. destroying) environmental regulations over here? They envious of those pictures? My lungs aren't.

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  • 5
    Dec
    2011
    4:22am, EST

    A smog by any other name...

    By Adrienne Mong and Bo Gu

    BEIJING — If there were one place that is living proof that global carbon dioxide emissions in 2010 jumped the largest amount on record, it’s got to be the Middle Kingdom.

    Emissions leapt 5.9 per cent last year, according to the Global Carbon Project.

    And the world’s biggest emitter —yes, China — was a big contributor.  It pumped 2.2 billion tons of carbon into the air, compared to the 1.5 billion tons of carbon by the U.S.


    On days like Monday — and there have been way too many this year — it feels like Beijing is the receptacle.

    'Hazardous' days
    We’ve already written about it, but this time returning to the Chinese capital after a break, I found my hardy NBC News colleagues ordering air filter machines for their homes and air filter masks for cycling (to get around the traffic).

    Adrienne Mong/NBC News

    The NBC News Beijing bureau invests in air filter masks to combat the pollution.

    Monday, while the @BeijingAir index — which comes from an air quality monitor housed atop the U.S. embassy in Beijing — tweeted hourly “hazardous” readings all day, we took a peek at readings back home to see how levels of air pollution were faring across the Pacific.

    Across a map of the United States, it was a depressing monochromatic “green” color signifying “good” quality air — with only a few slashes of “yellow,” meaning “moderate.” 

    Bear in mind, according to the chart developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “hazardous” is the highest alert level, which would trigger “health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire population is more likely to be affected,” according to the site.

    There were no readings from the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau’s (EPB) own air monitor until mid-afternoon Monday, when it acknowledged “slight pollution.” 

    Last month, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection suggested it was finally heeding growing concerns among Beijing residents’ about air pollution.

    The ministry said it would begin publishing measurements for the smallest particulate matter or PM2.5, also considered the most dangerous to human health because they’re tiny enough to enter the lungs and cause damage to the respiratory system.

    Courtesy of Daxian/Weibo

    "I thought I was looking at a mirage!" said a Weibo user by the name of Daxian after posting a photo from Beijing Monday morning.

    On Thursday, however, the Beijing EPB emphatically announced PM2.5 readings for the city would not be made public.

    A 'mirage'
    To add insult to health injury, officials have been quoted in local newspapers as saying they will set up a new air monitoring system for Beijing in … Tianjin — a metropolis 80 miles away from the capital.

    Mind you, photos posted on the Shanghaiist blogsite suggest we in Beijing are not the only ones suffering.

    (There’s been plenty of supporting visual evidence coming out of Beijing all day.  One user of Weibo, the popular Chinese microblog, posted a photo of high-rises apparently floating above a cloud of pollution, calling it a “mirage.”  And YouKu, a Chinese version of YouTube, posted a video of this morning’s commute.)

    Soho property mogul Pan Shiyi, who led an online petition to get PM2.5 readings published by the EPB, has begun posting on his Weibo account screen shots from an iPhone app that compiles the U.S. embassy’s BeijingAir index.   

    In the meantime, Chinese authorities are still determined to call the smog by any other name.

    Flight after flight on the Beijing Capital International airport website was shown to be cancelled — owing to “fog.” A Xinhua news agency report described it as “heavy fog.”

    But an AFP report called it “smog,” tallying the airport casualties: 213 domestic and 15 international cancelled flights.

    See Shanghaiist for more photos of the smog in Beijing and China

    Update: Since this posting, a state-run newspaper, The Global Times, quoted meteorological officials as saying the “dense fog” enveloping Beijing and parts of the northeast will persist until Friday. One official described it as a “normal climate condition in Beijing.” Good thing we got our masks.

    77 comments

    1957 - Los Angeles - Everything looks hazy, buildings 10 blocks away are blurred, the eyes are stinging, SMOG has made this afternoon miserable.

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  • 9
    Nov
    2011
    4:46am, EST

    Beijing residents call foul over the air

    Adrienne Mong

    The outline of Beijing's central business district can just about be seen from a plane landing in the capital Wednesday morning--a time when the air was considered clean.

    By Adrienne Mong

    BEIJING—For the past month, while I was pinballing from North Africa to Europe, something from afar became abundantly clear—unlike the sky that has blanketed the Chinese capital this autumn.

    Disgruntlement amongst Beijing residents with the quality of air appears to be nearing an all-time high despite claims by municipal environment officials that the city has enjoyed 239 days of “good air quality” from January to October—seven days more than the same period during the year of the 2008 Summer Olympics.

    Criticism has been so vocal that this week the Municipal Bureau of Environmental Protection conceded that maybe there had been something amiss with the air in October. 

    On Tuesday, seven residents were invited to visit the bureau’s air monitoring centre.  “We chose this time to open the center to individual visitors because more people now care about air quality and its monitoring since the October fog scare,” a spokesman was quoted as saying.

    Jousting over air quality readings

    2011 was a pretty bad summer, with most days a grim milky gray color.  But since the end of August, Twitter users have regularly posted complaints about the smog shrouding the city—an alarming development as Beijing residents normally enjoy the freshest air and the highest number of blue-sky days in the cooler months of September and October.

    The complaints have been backed up by the U.S. embassy’s @BeijingAir index readings, which go up every hour on Twitter. 

    Richard Buangan/U.S. Embassy

    The infamous @BeijingAir monitor at the centre of the air pollution index ruckus. It lives on top of the U.S. embassy in downtown Beijing.

    Most foreign residents don’t need to look at the readings every day; a glance out the window is enough to keep them indoors.  But the figures—the only such independent data in Beijing--are a reliable guideline for how much time anyone with asthma or other respiratory ailments should spend outdoors on any given day.

    More significantly, @BeijingAir also counts many Chinese among its followers.

    And why not?  It didn’t take long before some folks noticed a major discrepancy in readings supplied by the U.S. embassy and official Chinese outlets.

    On a number of days in which the air was indisputably filthy and filled with an acrid smell, U.S. embassy readings indicated “unhealthy” or “hazardous” conditions while the Beijing municipal index signaled “good.”  The smog was visible even from space, as one China-based photographer highlighted with a satellite visual from NASA.

    Most explanations have noted that the U.S. embassy measurements include the tiniest particulate matter, which is considered to be the most dangerous to one’s health as they can penetrate deeper into the lungs or the bloodstream.  These are known as PM2.5--or particulate matter in the air that measures 2.5 micrometres or smaller in diameter. 

    The Beijing meteorological authorities base their readings on measurements of much coarser particles known as PM10. 

    But, as one former Beijing resident discovered, Chinese officials in fact DO measure PM2.5.  They’ve just decided that “the time is not ripe” to release the data to the public, fuelling ongoing suspicions that China’s government is deliberately obscuring the dangers to its people's health.

    NASA image courtesy MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC

    An image of skies over eastern China taken on October 18, 2011, by NASA's Aqua satellite.

    Clouding the issue

    Nonetheless, environment authorities in Beijing have gone on the offensive, saying the U.S. embassy air quality index readings are not accurate and just constitute “hype.”

    Moreover, they continue to describe the smog as “dense fog” that signals Beijing’s usual transition from autumn to winter. 

    It hasn’t helped matters in the “trust your government” category when one of the many U.S. diplomatic cables leaked by Wikileaks this past summer revealed that Chinese officials in 2009 had asked the U.S. embassy not to post its air quality index on Twitter because it might confuse the Chinese public.  On learning of the revelation, many netizens joked that it was the air pollution readings that led ultimately to the Chinese decision to block Twitter.

    The fracas was made noisier by the revelation that senior Chinese officials enjoy, literally, rarefied air.

    Netizens made hay of reports that the central government leadership living in the walled compound of Zhongnanhai, near the Forbidden City, draws on fleets of expensive air filters made by Yuanda, also known as the Broad Group.  The Chinese company has been touting the liberal use of its air purifiers by Chinese state leaders on its website.

    “The leaders need a soul filter,” said @ZhaoWenkui, a user of Chinese microblog Sina Weibo.  “If their souls are filtered, China’s problems are solved.”

    High-profile Chinese have also jumped into the fray.

    Among them is Pan Shiyi, a real estate tycoon behind the SOHO China premium brand of properties that over the years have sprouted across Beijing like molehills.  (And which doubtless have added to the dust and other pollution with all its construction sites.)

    Over the weekend, he initiated an online campaign through his Sina Weibo account—which has more than 7.4 million followers--to pressure the government into improving its air pollution monitoring.  Residents and netizens have been called onto vote on whether authorities should include measurements of the tiny PM2.5 particles.

    Other luminaries followed suit, including Lee Kaifu, who once headed Google China; Yao Chen, an actress; Ren Zhiqiang, another property mogul.

    In the meantime, someone has parodied one of the 2008 Summer Olympics anthems, “Beijing Welcomes You.”  The video has received more than half a million clicks:

    “Smoggy Capital welcomes you,

    With particles in the air.

    Friends, you have to wash your clothes every day.

    Smoggy Capital welcomes you….

    Beijing’s door is always open to you.

    All the exhaust is waiting for you.”

    But Beijing residents may want to breathe a sigh of relief they don’t live in Shanghai.

    In Wednesday’s Shanghai Daily, a local newspaper, Chinese scientists said that recent “fog” in downtown Shanghai contained cancer-causing chemicals.

    With additional research by Bo Gu.

    90 comments

    Vote republican and we can have air quality like this too!

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  • 17
    Nov
    2010
    10:52pm, EST

    By Adrienne Mong/NBC News

    On a blue sky day, you can see right down Chang'an Avenue. Not so today.

    A Smoggy Sky

    By Adrienne Mong

    Until Wednesday, we were enjoying clear crisp blue skies. No more. The air index, according to the monitors set up by the US embassy here, was 500 on Wednesday (ie, Super Hazardous). So far today it's holding under 400, but looking out the window it's gross.

    The last reading from Twitter:

    @BeijingAir 11-18-2010; 11:00; PM2.5; 346.0; 396; Hazardous // Ozone; 0.1; 0; No Reading 37 minutes ago

    Comment

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Behind the Wall provides a dynamic look at China by examining news events and trends – both big and small – from NBC News correspondents and producers. Learn about China's developing economy, politics and the cultural trends that move its 1.3 billion people.

Adrienne Mong

has covered China for NBC News since 2007.

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